Fresh Meat and Fish in the Middle Ages

Depending on their status in society and where they lived, medieval people had a variety of meats to enjoy. But thanks to Fridays, Lent, and various days deemed meatless by the Catholic Church, even the wealthiest and most powerful people did not eat meat or poultry every day. Fresh fish was fairly common, not only in coastal regions, but inland, where rivers and streams were still teeming with fish in the Middle Ages, and where most castles and manors included well-stocked fish ponds. Those who could afford spices used them liberally to enhance the flavor of meat and fish. Those who could not afford spices used other flavorings like garlic, onion, vinegar and a variety of herbs grown throughout Europe. The use of spices and their importance has contributed to the misconception that it was common to use them to disguise the taste of rotten meat. However, this was an uncommon practice perpetrated by underhanded butchers and vendors who, if caught, would pay for their crime. Meat in Castles and Manor Homes A large portion of the foodstuffs served to the residents of castles and manor homes came from the land on which they lived. This included wild game from nearby forests and fields, meat and poultry from the livestock they raised in their pastureland and barnyards, and fish from stock ponds as well as from the rivers, streams and seas. Food was used swiftly -- usually within a few days, and sometimes on the same day -- and if there were leftovers, they were gathered up as alms for the poor and distributed daily. Occasionally, meat procured ahead of time for large feasts for the nobility would have to last a week or so before being eaten. Such meat was usually large wild game like deer or boar. Domesticated animals could be kept on the hoof until the feast day drew near, and smaller animals could be trapped and kept alive, but big game had to be hunted and butchered as the opportunity arose, sometimes from lands several days travel away from the big event. There was often concern from those overseeing such victuals that the meat might go off before it came time to serve it, and so measures were usually taken to salt the meat to prevent rapid deterioration. Instructions for removing outer layers of meat that had gone bad and making wholesome use of the remainder have come down to us in extant cooking manuals. Be it the most sumptuous of feasts or the more modest daily meal, it was the lord of the castle or manor, or the highest-ranking resident, his family, and his honored guests who would receive the most elaborate dishes and, consequently, the finest portions of meat. The lower the status of the other diners, the further away from the head of the table, and the less impressive their food. This could mean that those of low rank did not partake of the rarest type of meat, or the best cuts of meats, or the most fancily-prepared meats; but they ate meat nonetheless. Meat for Peasants and Village-Dwellers Peasants rarely had much fresh meat of any kind. It was illegal to hunt in the lords forest without permission, so, in most cases, if they had game it would have been poached, and they had every reason to cook it and dispose of the remains the very same day it was killed. Some domestic animals such as cows and sheep were too large for everyday fare and were reserved for the feasts of special occasions like weddings, baptisms, and harvest celebrations. Chickens were ubiquitous, and most peasant families (and some city families) had them; but people would enjoy their meat only after their egg-laying days (or hen-chasing days) were over. Pigs were very popular, and could forage just about anywhere, and most peasant families had them. Still, they werent numerous enough to slaughter every week, so the most was made of their meat by turning it into long-lasting ham and bacon. Pork, which was popular in all levels of society, would be an unusual meal for peasants. Fish could be had from the sea, rivers and streams, if there were any nearby, but, as with hunting the forests, the lord could claim the right to fish a body of water on his lands as part of his demesne. Fresh fish was not often on the menu for the average peasant. A peasant family would usually subsist on pottage and porridge, made from grain, beans, root vegetables and pretty much anything else they could find that might taste good and provide sustenance, sometimes enhanced with a little bacon or ham. Meat in Religious Houses Most rules followed by monastic orders limited the consumption of meat or forbade it altogether, but there were exceptions. Sick monks or nuns were allowed meat to aid their recovery. The elderly were allowed meat the younger members were not, or were given greater rations. The abbot or abbess would serve meats to guests and partake, as well. Often, the entire monastery or convent would enjoy meat on feast days. And some houses allowed meat every day but Wednesday and Friday. Of course, fish was an entirely different matter, being the common substitute for meat on meatless days. How fresh the fish would be depended on whether or not the monastery had access to, and fishing rights in, any streams, rivers or lakes. Because monasteries or convents were mostly self-sufficient, the meat available to the brothers and sisters was -- usually -- pretty much the same as that served in a manor or castle, although the more common foodstuffs like chicken, beef, pork and mutton would be more likely than swan, peacock, venison or wild boar. Continued on Page Two: Meat in Towns and Cities Meat in Towns and Cities In towns and small cities, many families had enough land to support a little livestock -- usually a pig or some chickens, and sometimes a cow. The more crowded the city was, however, the less land there was for even the most modest forms of agriculture, and the more foodstuffs had to be imported. Fresh fish would be readily available in coastal regions and in towns by rivers and streams, but inland towns could not always enjoy fresh seafood and might have to settle for preserved fish. City dwellers usually purchased their meat from a butcher, often from a stall in a marketplace but sometimes in a well-established shop. If a housewife bought a rabbit or duck to roast or use in a stew, it was for that mid-day dinner or that evenings meal; if a cook procured beef or mutton for his cookshop or street vending business, his product wouldnt be expected to keep for more than a day. Butchers were wise to offer the freshest meats possible for the simple reason that theyd go out of business if they didnt. Vendors of pre-cooked fast food, which a large portion of city dwellers would frequent due to their lack of private kitchens, were also wise to use fresh meat, because if any of their customers got sick it wouldnt take long for word to spread. This is not to say there werent cases of shady butchers attempting to pass off older meat as fresh or underhanded vendors selling reheated pasties with older meat. Both occupations developed a reputation for dishonesty that has characterized modern views of medieval life for centuries. However, the worst problems were in crowded cities such as London and Paris, where crooks could more easily avoid detection or apprehension, and where corruption among city officials (not inherent, but more common than in smaller towns) made their escapes easier. In most medieval towns and cities, the selling of bad food was neither common nor acceptable. Butchers who sold (or tried to sell) old meat would face severe penalties, including fines and time in the pillory, if their deception was discovered. A fairly substantial number of laws were enacted concerning guidelines for proper management of meat, and in at least one case the butchers themselves drew up regulations of their own. Available Meat, Fish and Poultry Though pork and beef, chicken and goose, and cod and herring were among the most common and abundant types of meat, fowl and fish eaten in the Middle Ages, they were only a fraction of what was available. To find out the variety of meats medieval cooks had in their kitchens, visit these resources: Types of MeatTypes of FowlTypes of FishMedieval Food Preservation

Bill Cosby- Pound Cake Speech Essay - 1196 Words

An Emotional Uprising The Pound Cake Speech was given by Bill Cosby in May 2004, at an event to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. In this speech, Cosby was highly critical of some members and subsets of the African American community in the United States. He criticized the use of African American dialect, the prevalence of single-parent families, the emphasis on material gain at the expense of necessities, and various other social behaviors. Bill Cosby was effective in his speech because he combined a humorous approach with an emotional and logical appeal, that kept his audience engaged and interested in his speech. In this speech, Bill Cosby appealed to the pathos or, the†¦show more content†¦I wanted a piece of pound cake just as bad as anybody else (laughter) And I looked at it and I had no money. And something called parenting said, if you get caught with it you’re going to embarrass your mother. Not you’re going to get your butt kicked. No. You’re going to embarrass your family. (Cosby Par. 9) This greatly engages the audience in because Cosby knows that his audience likes humor. He uses his well known, classic, sense of humor and voice to tell a story that the audience responds to with laughter and applause. This is Cosby’s most effective form of appeal. Bill Cosby’s stereotypical humor gives his audience not only something to think about, but also a chance to laugh at a major issue we have today. Bill Cosby also does an excellent job appealing to the audience’s sense of logic, or logos. He appealed to the audience’s logic with ease because he easily related to his audience. He knew how his audience portrayed the world and how they thought about the issues of our nation. Cosby knows his audience is educated and speaks to them with language that they can understand and relate to. He appeals to their logic well in the eighth paragraph of his speech. â€Å"Fifty percent dropout rate, I’m telling you, and people in jail, and women having children by five, six different men. Under what excuse? I want somebody to love me. And as soon as you have it, you forget to parent. Grandmother, mother, and great grandmother in the same room,Show MoreRelatedBill Cosby1949 Words   |  8 PagesBILL COSBY William Henry Bill Cosby, Jr.  (born July 12, 1937) is an American comedian, actor, author, television producer, educator, musician and activist. A veteran stand-up performer, he got his start at various clubs, and then landed a starring role in the 1960s action show,  I Spy. He later starred in his own series, the  situation comedy  The Bill Cosby Show, in 1969. He was one of the major characters on the  childrens television  series  The Electric Company  for its first two seasons, and created

Auction system Free Essays

Placement Manager paper work. If any student got call for Interview placement manager has to inform to the student. In order to avoid manual problem we are design existing system as online Training and Placement system, so the what ever the information placement manager has to pass to the student he/she can inform online. We will write a custom essay sample on Auction system or any similar topic only for you Order Now All the resume send by the student which can be maintain in the database and if any interview call placement manager got he/she can inform through mail to every student. 1. 2 Scope This system can be used as an application for the TOP of the college to manage the student information with regards to placement. Students logging should be able to upload their information in the form of a C.V.. Visitors/Company representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students. It provides an only online platform to fill upload their information in the form of a C.V.. Visitors/Company representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students. Online Training And Placement : Online Training and Placement project is aimed at developing an online application for the Training and Placement Dept. Of the college. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided. Functional components of the project: Following is a list of functionalities of the system. More functionality that you find appropriate can be added to this list. And, in places where the description of nationality is not adequate, you can make appropriate assumptions and proceed. A person should be able to -Access/ Search C.v./information from the first page (only read access). -login to the into the system – Upload his/her C.V.. – See/change his/her details. – Get help about the application on how to use the different features of the system. An admit login should be present who can read as well as remove any uploads. Preferably it should be given to the TOP. Software Requirements: – Operating System How to cite Auction system, Papers

Marketing Fundamentals for Product Awareness - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Fundamentals for Product Awareness. Answer: Introduction Marketing can be construed in several manners. The relevance of marketing in this case in point is for new product wine preserver. The sphere of marketing in the write-up is the effusively established notion which incorporates marketing objectives, preferred market segment, market strategy and action plan for first six months .The underlying view prevalent is that there subsists a market enlargement prospective which can establish the brand and robust the sales for the organization. Comprehensive marketing commotion to create the new product category in market has been renowned as the most influential means of attaining the marketing objective. Wine has been effective in hitching affirmative dimensions of Australias reflexion and by means of marketing of new product and promotion distinction can add great value to new product in Australian marketplace. Marketing Objective Product Awareness Product awareness is significant for new product or businesses and can have extensive effect over other objectives, as reduced span is entailed in fostering relationships with potential users. This goal usually intent to inform groups or people who have appeal in the service or product and offering information on the advantages of using your artefact over others. The emphasis is on supplying informative artefact information to bountiful individuals as possible (Kvarvyy Mohammad, 2009). The prime focus would be to develop awareness amongst people about the wine preserver. In terms of distinguished product, wine preserver wins the race since its a unique concept for wine lovers. We live in the world of technology and social media, so the use technology and social platforms would be a good means to reach end user (Armstrong, Kotler, 2011). Customer Satisfaction and Retention Customer satisfaction is conventionally understood as a feeling that an individual experiences when a purchase meets or is above the expectation level. Enhancing customer satisfaction is the prime objective of many organisations. Business owners apprehend that customer satisfaction is the driver to prolonged business success. Gratified customers usually offer repeat trade, referrals along with word of mouth publicity. Organizations learn from feedback provided by customers and stimulate it to expand business, artefact and services with the aim of present and perspective customers witnessing and reacting affirmatively (Bennett Rundle-Thiele,2004). Customer retention is the exercise that a seller relinquishes so as to evade customer defections. This is all about captivating the right customer procuring them to buy frequently and in accelerated quantities and to lead to more end users (Anderson Narus, 1998) . This is the dimension of the organization competence to offer sufficient value with its services or products for the user to indulge in for regular purchase (Leverin Liljander, 2006). In the case of wine preserver the artefact is quite distinctive and new to the people and market, which means it need to satisfy customer apprehensions so as to retain them . Customer withhold is also crucial for the purpose of reduced customer acquisition costs, accelerated referrals and enhanced revenues . Several elements like product, price, place, promotion and brand constitutes for customer satisfaction and retention. The diagram below depicts the framework for customer retention: Brand Management Brand management is a broad multi-dimensional and diverse application of the numerous methodology organizations can adapt to magnify consumer engagement, awareness, loyalty and retention. Brand management techniques are relentlessly emerging and the numerous distribution channels amongst companies and their customers is also hastily changing. By developing a long lasting influence and substantial relationship with customers, organizations can reserve user and build brand loyalty. Preferred brand is something every enterprise wishes to be, since the cost of preserving loyal customers is far below the price of acquiring fresh ones. Loyal customers are economical and contended users are likely to dialogue about the organization in an affirmative manner (Moraga,2008). Building brand is far ahead of companies name, logo or slogan rather its a comprehensive experience customers and prospects have with service, product or company. The object of brand management is to perceive the equity of the organization to a new elevation by means of consecutive steps which add significance to the brand and eventually place the brand firmly in the mind of users. Generally there are four prime ingredients in brand management and these moves provide maximum outcome over a span of time to create a brand. They are demonstrated by means of diagram below: Preferred Market Segment-Targeted Customers, Intended Positioning A market evaluation should concentrate on those places that have particular want or need they desire to be fulfilled, so that they are motivated to buy the product. Once perspective market segment have been identified, elements such as growth, market size, accessibility should be ascertained along with market analytical like gender, age, expenditure trend, education level, ethnicity , income, usage rate ,behavioural intentions and cultural factors(Gounaris,2005). The new product wine preserver can be unveiled in markets by hunting for wine consumers across several markets. This permits producers to evade risky homologizing processes and big bucket operational changes along with peril unsold product concern which could precede to intense predetermined weakness or at vilest ,the undesirable role of barely non-users. Wine and dine complement each other, so idea of sample being supplied to established restaurants to organize tastings and creditability of the product would act as a point of reach to consumers. Special promotional events and weekends surprise may be structured to boost the reach amongst crowd. The prime targeted customer would be a regular wine consumer who can be inclined towards wine preservation devices. In this manner, the creation can be distinguished with high margins of malleability to the various trends of need even in the concise span of period. Positioning needs to situate the product in the cognizance of the user and discriminate the company, product and the brand from the rivals. Marketing Strategy Marketing techniques is amongst the prime elements correlated with the expected business outcome in a cut throat market place. It is the crucial component that is needed for product steadiness in an aggressive market status(Alvdary,2007). Marketing strategy is far ahead of mere advertising and promotion activities. After the recognition of target market the step ahead would be to develop techniques for other components of marketing plan such as product and promotion strategy. Product Product is considered as an article that fulfils a desire or a necessity. A successful creation has to satisfy a peculiar want in the market (Ismail,2013). Functionally it must be competent to accomplish its task as promised .The foundation of growth from marketing dimension should be to establish the product in the thought of the target market as a desired artefact. There needs to be understandable communication amidst the potential users and customers in context to its features and benefits. Only, if the product is useful and distinctive, consumer will opt for it even when if it is over-priced. Components of product that can be considered in marketing product comprises of its quality ,design, variants available, different sized units ,brand name ,features ,packaging ,services and customer satisfaction. Wine preserver is an exceptional product with features that retains freshness and preserves wine from getting in contact with oxygen, even after several days of opening. Promotion Strategy Promotion is quite significant element of marketing since it can boost brand sales and recognition. It is imperative to devote in promotional activities as a prerequisite to attaining the market objective .The kind of promotion activities undertaken in a particular market will rely on the characteristics of that marketplace as they correlate to Australian wine. This will ascertain the virtual attention focussed to trade, media, target groups and consumer audiences amongst each one. The blend of promotional strategy will rely on the budget of organization, the message company wants to convey and the target segment Advertising ,sales promotion ,public relations ,sales team, direct marketing all are elements comprehensive promotion strategy .Few illustrations are underpinned: Action Plan The action program for six months post product launch would be to concentrate on product awareness combat with marketing mix techniques to situate the product in the cognizance of buyers. Laterally focal point would be to consider product strategies as a significant constituent to attain the market objectives. Usually after the creation is launched the artefact is assumed to make its own way. Organization is expected a build action plan after the product is unveiled .Nevertheless product management is required to consider product differentiation, product life cycle and techniques to build and enhance product sales. Organization needs to create an approach that aids to accelerate the market share. There are numerous ways to accomplish the objective: Market strategies Sales strategies Price strategies Distribution strategies Promotion strategies Product strategies Developing efficient product strategy is much more than building specialization tactics. Two outstanding product strategies are discussed below: Product development It is assumed to consider the purchaser, his needs, the creation positioning in the marketplace and the distinct features product presents. After the product is inaugurated confirm that it constantly meet the customers expectations and develop the artefact as necessitous .The peril with the fresh product is raised cost and the disappointment to sell the new creation or elevate creation at increased sales figure and at the assumed volume. Product diversification it is all about accompanying the prevailing business and dispersing the risk of single product or single line by diverging with more correlated or even unconnected products that aid to grow the sales and scatter risk. References Alvdary, H. (2007) Marketing and market management. International Journal of Marketing. 1(1). pp.1-10. Anderson, J. C. Narus, J. A. (1998) Business marketing: understanding what customers. International journal of Marketing. 1(1). pp.1-10. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., (2011). Marketing: An Introduction (10th Edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson Prentice Hall. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation (AWBC), the Winemakers Federation of Australia (WFA) and the Winemakers of Rutherglen (WOR)(2009) [Retrieved: 21 May 2017] https://www.wfa.org.au/assets/strategies-plans/pdfs/Fortified_Wines_Strategy.pdf Bennett, R., Rundle-Thiele, S. (2004). Customer satisfaction should not be the only goal. Journal of Service Marketing, 18,7, 514- 523. Gounaris, S. P. (2005) Trust and commitment influences on customer retention: insights from management. International Journal of Service Marketing. 1(1). pp. 1-10. Ismail, M. B. M. Velnampy, T. (2013) Marketing Mix of Product Life Cycle (MMPLC) and Business Performance (BP) for Sarong of Royal Handloom Weaving Factory (RHWF). European Journal of Commerce and Management Research (EJCMR). 2(8). pp. 1-10. Kvarvyy, K. Mohammad, M. (2009). Competitive reaction- and feedback effects based on VARX models of pooled store Ali Pour. Marketing Management. 36(2). pp.230-240. Leverin, A. Liljander, V. (2006). Does relationship marketing improve customer relationship satisfaction and loyalty. Paper presented in International Conference: Proceedings of International Conference, Department of Marketing, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Switzerland. Moraga, T. E., Parraga, V. A. Z., Gonzales, Z. F. (2008). Customer satisfaction and Loyalty. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(5), 302- 313.of the Academy of Management. 1(2). pp.1-10. Patterson P. G., Johnson L. W., Spreng R. A. (1997). Modeling the determinants of customer satisfaction for business-to-business professional services. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25,1, 4-17. Peterson, R. A. (1995). Relationship Marketing and the Consumer. Journal Reynolds Jon (2010) The Australian Wine Industry and the Impact of Knowledge-flow on Performance. [Retrieved:22May,2017] https://www.oenologic.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Knowledge-Management-an-Australian-Wine-Industry-Study.pdf Wines of western Australia (2014) Western Australia Wine Industry Strategic Plan 2014-2024[Retrieved:22May,2017]https://static1.squarespace.com/static/552d3a93e4b0a7ee3a2ce896/t/555c10ffe4b04aa921b678dc/1432097023899/35368+WINE_Wine+Industry+WA_Strategic+Plan_WEB.pdf

French Revolution Essay Example

French Revolution Essay During the late 1700’s, France wanted to be like America in their own revolution. Their was a big change in power between 1789-1799, and and also caused an advancement away from the absolutist government of France. During the late 1700’s France was one of the strongest estate’s in the world. The effects of the country’s revolution spread from France to Europe. The French Revolution was caused because the Third Estate’s desire to have liberty and also be equal. The way France’s social class was made it was just a matter of time before the revolution would start. The economic classes of France were made up of three estates. The first estate was the church, or clergy, the second estate was the nobles, and the third estate was made up of the peasants, the uneducated, and lawyers. France’s economic system made the third estate pay the most taxes and the clergy members didn’t have to pay taxes, and for the nobles they paid little or no taxes at all. People who are starving and can barely afford to survive can only pay so much taxes before they stop paying their taxes. Along with the social causes of the revolution, economic and political events that made people want change. Economic conditions such as poor harvests made the price of food rise to very high prices half someones pay went to just attempting to feed their family. The taxation system took money from the peasants as well. King Louis XVI lived such a rich and well off life that three percent of the nation’s earned money was spent on royal family! Wars also caused the nation to have money problems. The cost of maintaining a army was 1/2 of France’s money. We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The taxes were not used for health, schooling, or general life of the third estate where all the money was coming from. These economic problems set the stage for some huge changes in France. Louis XVI did try, and was not successful in trying to fix the political system of France. When King Louis XVI became king, he realized that these problems existed. Louis chose a man named Robert Turgot to help the financial problems of France, but he had difficulties when he tried to start a major reform. Turgot could not create a change in the taxation policies of France. He was not able to introduce a higher tax to the second estate because the king could not tax the nobles unless the Parliament said it was ok to introduce the new tax laws. The people in the courts that voted on these laws were the nobles, and so they rejected Turgots reform. After Turgot was rejected, the king fired him from his office. With the economic problems of France increasing, Louis XVI made the Estates General in 1789. The Estates General was a council where each social class could be represented. Louis called people together for the Estates General with the idea of raising taxes even higher than they were before on the third estate. The third estate thought that they would finally be able to express their ideas about a national change that would give the third estate both liberty and equality. When the Estates General met in 1789, the representatives from the third estate outnumbered the representatives of the first and second estates. When the king realized this, he was upset and didn’t want to hear their views and the third estate made the tennis court oath, and declared themselves the National Assembly. The oath said not to leave until they had established a reformed government. This became the famous tennis court oath. The French Revolution had an impact on all of Europe. Hopefully Europe has learned from the Revolution and won’t make the same mistakes as before. All should learn from this and know not to make the same mistakes. The French Revolution is one of many previous events that many wish that history wont repeat its self.

The American Crocodile Essays - Crocodylidae, Crocodilians

The American Crocodile Essays - Crocodylidae, Crocodilians The American Crocodile The American crocodile is a very unique animal. It is mostly found in many parts of the United States, but this species of crocodile lives in the Florida Everglades. The America crocodile's scientific name is a very complicated and confusing name. Its scientific name is Crocodylus acutus. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS The American crocodile is a large reptile with a long, cigar-shaped body, short legs, and a powerful tail and deadly jaws. Its heart has four chambers, preventing an admixture of venous and arterial blood. Their keen senses are very well developed and exact. Its pointed snout and long, partially exposed sharp teeth help distinguish it from its close relative, the alligator. The crocodile's eyes and nostrils are higher than the rest of its head. Even though crocodiles are aquatic, their arms and legs are of a greater use in walking on the land than in the water. Their tails are very important to them in many ways. One way is they use their tails for swimming, courtship, and sometimes in capturing their prey. The crocodile is also very different from its cousin, the alligator. As I said earlier, the crocodile has as more of a pointed snout and the alligator has a more rounded snout. The American crocodile is dimorphic, meaning you can tell the difference between the ma! le and female. The way you can tell is by the size; the male is a bit larger than the female. The crocodile babies are distinctly greenish with black markings on its body. The young adults are an olive green, while the oldest crocodile is a very dull gray. The crocodile spends a considerable amount of time in the water, swimming and hunting. Although the crocodile is not considered a marine or oceanic animal, it has actually been sighted far out at sea and has traveled many miles to reach isolated volcanic islands. CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES HABITAT The crocodile lives in an underground hollow, large burrows, or in sand dunes. If the female crocodile is ready to lay her eggs but has no place to bury them, she will find an empty one; she will take it over as her own. HABITATION AREA AND CONDITIONS The map above shows the areas in which the American Crocodile can be found. The picture above is a graphic representation of the Florida Everglades, and area where the American Crocodile can be found. FOOD CHAIN The American is both a predator and prey. It is a predator because it eats animals smaller than it is and will almost eat anything. It is prey because humans are hunting them and eating the meat off of them. Their place in the food chain is: HUMAN CROCODILE FISH INSECTS PLANTS SUNLIGHT The crocodile eats many things such as fish, tadpoles, tarpon, and frogs. When it is ready to hunt for food, the crocodile will usually camouflage itself by swimming very silent in the water, swim under the water silently, or they sneak up on the prey and snap it into its jaws. Since the crocodile is unable to digest bones and cartilage, it has to snap to prey onto the water to breaks all its bones. It also must be careful where to bite in case of cartilage or bone. SPECIAL TRAITS Something that I think is very unique about the crocodile is that it can swim silently without anyone knowing. When responding to an attack threat it growls and makes a hissing noise to say that it is prepared to fight. The crocodile doesn't migrate; it stays in one place year round. The crocodile have a language all to themselves. It communicates by making noises to identify each other. The crocodile lives in packs and usually hunt in packs too. Their natural enemies are humans; we are enemies because we kill them for their skin to make accessories. MATING AND COURTSHIP When a crocodile is ready to mate, the female tries to a strong male's attention through visual, tactile, olfactory, and audible signs. The female initiates the courtship display, but must also let the male know she has entered his territory for a reason. The female exposes her throat by lifting her head in a peaceful intent. The male and female

Against War In Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Against War In Iraq - Essay Example And the UN officials destroyed whatever weapons and military possessions including chemical and nuclear weapons and missiles that Iraq had, back in 1998 during its inspection. It was further deprived of the financial aid that might be required for redevelopment of its military possessions for mass destruction. Iraq's military potential had grown considerably weaker ever since and was no threat to its region, let alone America.  And the UN officials destroyed whatever weapons and military possessions including chemical and nuclear weapons and missiles that Iraq had, back in 1998 during its inspection. It was further deprived of the financial aid that might be required for redevelopment of its military possessions for mass destruction. Iraq's military potential had grown considerably weaker ever since and was no threat to its region, let alone America. Once the notion that Iraq is equipped with mass destruction deadly weapons was disqualified to a considerable extent, the US administ ration went forward to accuse Iraq of aiding the terrorist groups. Since these terrorist groups were the major threat to the security of the United States, Iraq was made to be justified target for pre-emptive actions.The administration blamed Iraq for passing on the destructive weapons to these militant groups, hence involving in terrorism. Any solid evidence and the US administration itself could not support even this accusation. Saddam Hussein could in no way be a threat to either its own region or to the United States in any such way. The obvious reason for this being that the Islamic extremists and terrorists were not in favor of Saddam's secular regime and were a hazard to his direction in the Arab world. The US administration went onward in its baseless accusations against Iraq saying that it was behind the anthrax virus spread as well. Again no evidence could be found to support such blame. Even if it were so that the charges of possessing mass destructive weapons were proved true, the question arises whether the US is right in its strategy of taking preemptive actions. The very same issues could have been resolved by talks and negotiations, by passing pacts or bringing strategic regimes within Iraq. So much bloodshed and brutality was brought to the nation of Iraq all in the name of protecting the world's super economic and military power from potential and supposed Iraqi weapons. This is all but beyond acceptable for any logical thinker. It was not Iraq that had been posing security threat to the American nation, due to its supposed alliance with the Islamic militant groups. In fact, now the Americans have far greater enemies disgusting its violent moves upon a nation that has never been proved to be a direct or indirect threat to them. George Soros opines in his new book, "Something is fundamentally wrong with President Bush's contention that he has made us safer at home by taking the war on terror abroad. There are many more people willing to sacrifice their lives to kill Americans than there were on 9/11." http://www.georgesoros.com/iraq-wargclid=CJrU0PKP_ogCFQriXgodNzjz9Q I completely agree with the opinion of George Soros, now not just other nations (Islamic ones to be precise), but

Finding differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Finding differences - Essay Example This report presents a comprehensive review of financial statements of three companies, which are operating in US, UK and France respectively and follow the financial reporting frameworks applicable in the said countries. Caterpillar Incorporation is a US based company headquartered in Peoria. The company is engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling machinery and equipments related to construction industry (Yahoo Finance, 2013). The three companies considered in this report, as stated earlier, are based in three different countries which have different financial reporting frameworks applicable for financial reporting of corporate entities. In the United States of America, corporate entities are required to report their financial statements in accordance with the principles and guidance presented under U.S. GAAP. The framework provided in U.S. GAAP is thus the primary accounting or financial reporting framework in the US. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, business entities are required to report their financial statements in accordance with the principles and guidance presented under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The standards provided under IFRS are collectively regarded as the financial reporting framework to which business entities operating in the UK adhere. Lastly, in France, French GAAP are used by corporate entities to prepare their respective sets of financial statements (Nobes et al., 2008; Radebaugh & Gray, 2008). Due to the difference in financial reporting frameworks of the companies selected in this report, there are a number of differences in their financial statements’ structure and other reporting and valuation related matters. These differences are discussed in the following sections. All three companies have different names for income statement; in Caterpillar’s financial statements, it is named as â€Å"Results of Operations†, in Glaxo

Professional Mentoring program for Community Health Workers Essay

Professional Mentoring program for Community Health Workers - Essay Example n.p). For this reason, the group, through its organizers seeks funding for a part-time coordinator and stipends for participants in the program. The users of the program services will mostly constitute the unemployed people in Florida community, the adults in the local college, and any other group that the Florida Community Health coalition may refer to the group. The group targets adult students from a local community college with a purpose of offering professional health education, promotion, and care services such counseling and social support. The program is in collaboration with the Florida Community health worker CHW profession to offer skills in health and outreach in community-based setting such the homes, businesses, worship centers, and community centers. The other participants are the Federal qualified health centers and other health organizations in the area aiming at bringing sense to the residents on health living and good diet. The program will also connect the locals to the necessary bodies offering services such as insurance and making follow-ups on their progress. The other education for the adult students will be on drugs and drug abuse to help the young people on matters of healthy living by avoiding indulging themselves in drugs. Our group noted that there is a knowledge gap in our community and students studying at the local college on matters concerning health and common ailments. The mentoring period is three to six months depending on the availability of the mentor and his schedule. Community health workers are very useful in the society, and their services are vital to a healthy community. The program will equip the local people with skills of maintaining high health standards through providing first aid and nutrition information by the CHWs. The other purpose of the mentorship program will be to visit the residents in their homes and

Double Indemnity As A Film Noir Classic Film Studies Essay

Double Indemnity As A Film Noir Classic Film Studies Essay It is indeed true that Double Indemnity represents one of the best examples of a film noir and has also been viewed to set some standards for the upcoming movies. In film noir, elements like violence, sexual harassments, adultery, crime and greed are representatives of similar evil types in the society with a moral conflict emerging at the base of the plot (Gene 145). Considering the characteristics of film noir, the Double Indemnity film seems to cover almost all of them. The film contains the ambiguous antihero, stories driven by crime, shady lighting and some other several qualities that qualify it in the genre. This is actually a perfect example of a film noir with dark stories that are criminally manipulated. In the movie, Walter Neff says that, Yes, I killed him. I killed him for money and a woman, and I didnt get the money, and I didnt get the woman. Pretty, isnt it? (Gene 170). This line actually gives us the overall view of the films move as being dark and pessimistic. Walter Neff as played by Fred MacMurray goes to renew his automobile insurance and engages in an adulterous affair with Phyllis Dietrichson as played by Barbara Stanwyick who was an already married woman. This actually demonstrates a typical film noir relationship. From this, the viewers can actually justify from the actions that these characters are doomed (Leitch 126). In a film noir, lighting forms one of the important principles of aesthetics and also provides clues to the function of the characters. For example, as Neff enters the office, only thin white light bars are seen. They appear projected across Neffs chest as if he is in jail. But as he puts the lights on, the room suddenly changes to being flooded with white as all the shadow are eliminated. This technique enables the viewers to have a hint on the nature of Neffs actions. that he is seeking redemption, bringing himself out of the shadows metaphorically, in the form of a confession, into the light (Leitch 113). In other words, all this help the viewers to get to understand the character as well as narrative function of Neff as Male Protagonist which is actually a vital component of classic film noir. Double indemnity also begins with music that is non-diagetic. This installs the viewers with a sense of urgency and action that is expected. The characters in the movies are flawed but one will still love and enjoy watching them since they are real. Not all the characters in the film overcome immerse odds like prevention of the world destruction or saving the village. We find some characters giving into sin making, then enjoy the brief excitement and eventually pay the consequences of their actions (Leitch 145). Film noir characters are very real but their ending is not good. For example, Neffs destiny arrives after him just after he is inside his apartment. NEFF: So at eight oclock the bell would ring and I would know who it was without even having to think, as if it was the most natural thing in the world (Leitch 153). Eventually Phyllis shows up and they passionately embrace each other. She speaks ill of her husband as a volatile and controlling man always getting into her nerves. Neff finally gives in to help her murder her husband to gain the insurance cash. Themes in the Plague Exile/separation. This theme is evident by Rieux and Rambert. The two characters are separated from the love of their life (women they love). The theme also appears in many other citizens whose names were note mentioned but were separated form their own loved ones. Considering the closure of Oran gates, the individuals who happened to be still out of town were locked out. The town entirely feels in exile for being separated from the rest of the outside world. According to Rieux explanation, he expresses That sensation of a void within which never left us, that irrational longing to hark back to the past or else to speed up the march of time, and those keen shafts of memory that stung like fire (Camus 187). Considering somebody like Rambert, he is not only separated from the person he wants to be with but also restricted from being in own apartment or home. Therefore, exile suggests deep metaphysical implication that relates to loss of belief that individuals dwell in environments whe re they can be free to achieve goals, find meaning and feel at home. Religion. People are always fond of turning to religion at times of calamities as the novel examines. Paneloux (the priest) gives religious perspective in his sermons in contrast to Rambert, Rieux and Tarrous humanist beliefs. Paneloux believes that indeed there is a rational explanation to the plaques outbreak unlike the other characters. He describes the outbreak as a flail of God in his first sermon after the outbreak. He says that God had intentions of separating wheat from chaff (good from bad). According to his description, it was not the will of God for the calamity. He looked on the evil-doing in the town with compassion; only when there was no other remedy did He turn His face away, in order to force people to face the truth about their life (Malcolm 26). Therefore, according to the Priest, the ultimate goal of suffering is achieving the good in a way that the light of God will still shine despite of the horrible events with Christian hope being grated to everyone. Love. The theme of love is widely demonstrated in this novel. As much as love for mankind can make one sacrifice own self interest to defend the interests of the society, the opposite seems to be true with love for individuals. The novel discusses towards the end that a human being does not hope for anything more than just love especially when avoiding disappointments. Considering the plaque, the priest expresses that this is only because of the too much love that God has for them. Love is also evident from Rieuxs reactions towards Rambert including his attempt to escape. He says that, Forgive me Rambert, only well, I simply dont know. But stay with us if you want to. For nothing in the world is it worth turning ones back on what one loves. Yet that is what Im doing, though I do not know (Malcolm 68). Given three things in life: love, work and death; Rieux chooses to work and claims that it is his duty to do so while Rambert counters this by choosing to love more than to do his job.

Biography of Pele Essay -- History

Biography of Pele Edson Arantes do Nascimento, more widely admired by the world as "Pelà ©", was born on October 23, 1940, in a small village in Brasil called Trà ªs Coraà §Ãƒ µes in the Brasilian state of Minas Gerais. He was baptized in the municipal church called Igreja da Sagrada Famà ­lia de Jesus, Maria e Josà ©. His father, Joà £o Ramos do Nascimento, or Dondinho, as he was known in the soccer world, was also a professional player. He was well-known as one of the best-heading players in his time. He was a center forward for Fluminense until an injury kept him from playing professional division one soccer. His mother Celeste gave Pelà © and the rest of his family attention to their needs and a lot of love. When he was a child, Pelà © and his family moved to Baurà º, in the interior of the Brasilian state of Sà £o Paulo, where he learned to master the art of futebol. One day he himself confessed that he "tinha trà ªs coraà §Ãƒ µes [had three hearts]", referring to the city where he wa s born, Trà ªs Coraà §Ãƒ µes, and to Baurà º and Santos. Pelà ©'s Career Pelà ©'s first job was shining shoes. But he had always dreamed of playing soccer. Pelà ©'s soccer career started early. After playing in a few amateur teams like Baquinho and Sete Setembro, at the age of 11, while playing for an uncoached team called Ameriquinha, he was discovered by a former Brasilian World Cup player named Waldemar de Brito. De Brito recognized Pelà ©'s skills and invited him to join the team he was organizing (Clube Atlà ©tico Baurà º?). When Pelà © was fifteen, in 1956, de Brito took him to the city of Sà £o Paulo to try out for the professional club called Santos Futebol Clube (SFC). That day, de Brito told the team directors that "This boy will be the greatest soccer player in the world." Pelà ©'s first show came on September 7, 1956, when he played in place of the center forward Del Vecchio. He came into the game to score the sixth of the seven goals in the 7-1 Santos victory. He scored his goal on the 36th minute, in a play between Raimundinho and Tite. The ball was given to Pelà © in the box, and even though he was surrounded by defenders, he shot on goal and the ball went under goalkeeper Zaluar's body. Zaluar became famous as the first goalkeeper to take a goal from the great Pelà ©. From there, the trip to the summit was fast. In his first league game with Santos, he scored four goals. The next season, he was a re... ...ht goals in one game against Botafogo of Rio de Janeiro. On November 19, 1969, he scored his famous 1,000th goal from a penalty kick on the 34th minute of the game against Vasco da Gama and dedicated it "...para as criancinhas pobres do Brasil...." (to the poor little children of Brasil) and to the elderly and suffering peoples of Brasil. Pelà © also participated in what is known to be the "Golden Age" of the Libertadores Cup from 1960 to 1963, during which the great Uruguayan team Peà ±arol faced the legendary Santos for the final games. Peà ±arol won in 1960 and 61, while Santos took the championship the other two years. Pelà © defined the role of the playmaker/midfielder type. He led some of the greatest Brasilian players of all time - Vavà ¡, Didi, Garrincha, and others. Many said Pelà © would have been the best in any position he played. Pelà © once insisted to the manager of Santos that he play goalkeeper. On January 19, 1964, he substituted Santos goalkeepr Gilmar, who had been ejected, in the semi-final game of the Brasil Cup. For five minutes, after scoring three goals, Pelà © played with the number one jersey and made two spectacular saves that saved Santos the spot in the finals.